Det Multiple Histokompatibilitetskompleks (MHC)
Hvordan påvirker Human Leukocyte Antigener valg af partner?
Det store histokompatibilitetskompleks (MHC) refererer til sektionen på kromosom 6, der indeholder hundreder af gener (figur 1), herunder de humane leukocytantigen (HLA) gener. MHC koder for proteiner på overfladen af nukleerede celler, herunder hvide blodlegemer (deraf navnet "humant leukocytantigen"). MHC-proteinerne fanger og præsenterer fremmede stoffer for dine T-celler. MHC er også ansvarlig for vævs- og organ-kompatibilitet mellem mennesker, deraf navnet "stort histokompatibilitet".
Figur 1. Kodominant udtryk af HLA-gener
MHC-proteiner er generelt opdelt i tre "klasser". MHC klasse I proteiner udtrykkes på de fleste celler i kroppen og hjælper os med at bekæmpe virale infektioner. MHC klasse I proteiner inkluderer dem, der er kodet af HLA-A, HLA-B og HLA-C. MHC klasse II proteiner udtrykkes på immunceller såsom B-celler, aktiverede hjælper T-celler, makrofager og dendritiske celler; disse celler hjælper os med at bekæmpe bakterielle infektioner ved at producere antistoffer. MHC klasse II koder for HLA-DR, HLA-DQ og HLA-DP. Der er også MHC klasse III proteiner, som støtter vores immunceller.
Strukturen af hver klasse af proteiner er forskellig - mens MHC klasse II har 2 kæder (A-kæde og B-kæde), har MHC klasse I kun en enkelt stor kæde, koblet med en makroglobulin. Derfor, når man navngiver MHC klasse II proteiner, tilføjes der sommetider en ekstra komponent for at specificere kæden.
HLA Naming & Typing
The HLA 2010 naming convention is the one currently widely used to name MHC proteins and the HLA genes which encode for them. The convention identifies the HLA gene, allele group/allotype, specific protein, and any substitutions/mutations. Each of these fields is specified using a numeric value, assigned based on the order in which they are discovered. You can learn more about the 2010 HLA naming convention her. A database of all discovered HLA types to date can be found her.
It has been found that couples with very different HLA types and differences in their MHC genes tend to have more fulfilling relationships, what we at DNA Romance like to call "romantic chemistry", also known as genetic compatibility.
Hvad er genetisk kompatibilitet?
Genetic compatibility refers to the match between the genes of two individuals, particularly with respect to their potential to have children together. Certain genetic combinations are more compatible and can result in healthier offspring.
One method is to test for genetic compatibility is the presence or absence of certain genetic markers, such as HLA (human leukocyte antigen) markers, which are involved in the immune system. Individuals with more dissimilar HLA profiles may be more genetically compatible, as this could result in a child with a more diverse immune system.
Another way to evaluate genetic compatibility is through genetic testing for inherited disorders. Couples who are considering having children may choose to undergo genetic testing to determine their risk of passing on certain inherited disorders to their offspring. This can help them make informed decisions about their fertility options and the potential risks and benefits of having children together.
It is important to note that genetic compatibility is not the only factor that determines the health and well-being of a child. Other factors, such as the overall health and lifestyle of the parents, can also have a significant impact on the health of a child.
Let DNA Romance can help you find your genetic matches today!
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