多重组织相容性复合体 (MHC)
人类白细胞抗原如何影响伴侣选择？
主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）指的是第6号染色体上的一部分，包含数百个基因（图1），包括人类白细胞抗原（HLA）基因。 MHC编码核细胞表面的蛋白质，包括白血球（因此得名“人类白细胞抗原”）。 MHC蛋白质捕获并呈递外来物质给你的T细胞。 MHC还负责人与人之间的组织和器官相容性，因此得名“主要组织相容性”。
图 1. HLA 基因的共显性表达
MHC 蛋白通常分为三种“类别”。 MHC 类别 I 蛋白在身体的大多数细胞上表达，并帮助我们抵御病毒感染。 MHC 类别 I 蛋白包括由 HLA-A、HLA-B 和 HLA-C 编码的蛋白。 MHC 类别 II 蛋白在免疫细胞上表达，例如 B 细胞、活化的辅助 T 细胞、巨噬细胞和树突状细胞；这些细胞通过产生抗体帮助我们抵御细菌感染。 MHC 类别 II 编码 HLA-DR、HLA-DQ 和 HLA-DP。 还有 MHC 类别 III 蛋白，它们支持我们的免疫细胞。
每类蛋白质的结构不同，MHC II 类具有2条链（A链和B链），而MHC I类只有一条大链，与巨球蛋白结合。因此，在命名 MHC II 类蛋白质时，有时会添加其他组件来指定链。
HLA Naming & Typing
The HLA 2010 naming convention is the one currently widely used to name MHC proteins and the HLA genes which encode for them. The convention identifies the HLA gene, allele group/allotype, specific protein, and any substitutions/mutations. Each of these fields is specified using a numeric value, assigned based on the order in which they are discovered. You can learn more about the 2010 HLA naming convention 这里. A database of all discovered HLA types to date can be found 这里.
It has been found that couples with very different HLA types and differences in their MHC genes tend to have more fulfilling relationships, what we at DNA Romance like to call "romantic chemistry", also known as genetic compatibility.
什么是遗传兼容性？
Genetic compatibility refers to the match between the genes of two individuals, particularly with respect to their potential to have children together. Certain genetic combinations are more compatible and can result in healthier offspring.
One method is to test for genetic compatibility is the presence or absence of certain genetic markers, such as HLA (human leukocyte antigen) markers, which are involved in the immune system. Individuals with more dissimilar HLA profiles may be more genetically compatible, as this could result in a child with a more diverse immune system.
Another way to evaluate genetic compatibility is through genetic testing for inherited disorders. Couples who are considering having children may choose to undergo genetic testing to determine their risk of passing on certain inherited disorders to their offspring. This can help them make informed decisions about their fertility options and the potential risks and benefits of having children together.
It is important to note that genetic compatibility is not the only factor that determines the health and well-being of a child. Other factors, such as the overall health and lifestyle of the parents, can also have a significant impact on the health of a child.
Let DNA Romance can help you find your genetic matches today!
现在就查看您的DNA匹配！